abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded RNA virus encoding a single polyprotein whose translation is driven by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). HCV infection strongly induces antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in the liver, yet it persists, suggesting that HCV can block ISG effector func...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Garaigorta U,Chisari FV

更新日期：2009-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Mounting an effective innate immune response against pathogens requires the rapid and global reprogramming of host cellular processes. Here we employed complementary proteomic methods to identify differentially regulated proteins early during a plant's defense response. Besides defense-related proteins, constituents o...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Caplan JL,Zhu X,Mamillapalli P,Marathe R,Anandalakshmi R,Dinesh-Kumar SP

更新日期：2009-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:To maintain tissue homeostasis and avoid disease, epithelial cells damaged by pathogens need to be readily replenished, and this is mainly achieved by the activation of stem cells. In this Short Review, we discuss recent developments in the exciting field of host epithelia-pathogen interaction in Drosophila as well as...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Pitsouli C,Apidianakis Y,Perrimon N

更新日期：2009-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:In an era of increasing antibiotic resistance, growing clinical need for new drugs, and few lead molecules, new research is helping to identify new targets and the mechanism of action of lead molecules. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Wright GD

更新日期：2009-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular pathogens like Shigella flexneri enter host cells by phagocytosis. Once inside, the pathogen breaks the vacuolar membrane for cytosolic access. The fate and function of the vacuolar membrane remnants are not clear. Examining Shigella-infected nonmyeloid cells, we observed that proteins associated with va...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Dupont N,Lacas-Gervais S,Bertout J,Paz I,Freche B,Van Nhieu GT,van der Goot FG,Sansonetti PJ,Lafont F

更新日期：2009-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Leishmaniasis is a chronic infection in which intracellular parasites avoid destruction by the immune system. Using intravital imaging, Filipe-Santos et al. (2009) demonstrate that some parasitized dendritic cells receive much less attention than others during their choreographed dance with T cells, suggesting that th...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Scott P

更新日期：2009-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of the mutualistic relationship between humans and their resident intestinal Bacteroides species is founded on glycans. The host provides plant polysaccharides and host-derived glycans and, in return, receives beneficial end products of bacterial fermentation. Glycans from the bacteria themselves are required for...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Comstock LE

更新日期：2009-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The transitional epithelium of the bladder normally turns over slowly but upon injury undergoes rapid regeneration fueled by basal uroepithelial stem and/or early progenitor cells (USCs). Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the injury response. We investigate the mechanism of bladder epithelial regeneratio...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Mysorekar IU,Isaacson-Schmid M,Walker JN,Mills JC,Hultgren SJ

更新日期：2009-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpesviruses subvert immune cell activation by inhibiting NK cell receptor (NKG2D)-activating ligands such as MICB. A human cytomegalovirus microRNA was recently shown to repress MICB expression. Nachmani et al. (2009) extend this finding to two other human herpesviruses, providing evidence for a conserved functional...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Dölken L,Jonjic S

更新日期：2009-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful viruses must overcome the body's immune defenses. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Goffinet et al. (2009) provide evidence that the host protein CD317, the target of the HIV Vpu protein, is part of an ancient innate immune response directed against budding viruses. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Collins KL

更新日期：2009-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Although Drosophila systemic immunity is extensively studied, little is known about the fly's intestine-specific responses to bacterial infection. Global gene expression analysis of Drosophila intestinal tissue to oral infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia carotovora revealed that immune responses in the ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Buchon N,Broderick NA,Poidevin M,Pradervand S,Lemaitre B

更新日期：2009-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In nonmyeloid cells, Shigella hijacks the mitochondrial checkpoint of cell death, thereby inducing a regulated form of necrosis depending on Bnip3 and cyclophilin D. Carneiro et al. (2009) describe the interplay between this program and a prosurvival response transmitted via the Nod1/Rip2/NF-kappaB/Bcl-2 axis, which d...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Galluzzi L,Kroemer G

更新日期：2009-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A vaginal microbicide should prevent pathogen transmission without disrupting tissue barriers to infection. Ideally, it would not need to be applied immediately before sexual intercourse, when compliance is a problem. Intravaginal administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA) lipoplexes targeting Herpes Simplex Viru...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Wu Y,Navarro F,Lal A,Basar E,Pandey RK,Manoharan M,Feng Y,Lee SJ,Lieberman J,Palliser D

更新日期：2009-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of bacteria within epithelial-lined compartments, such as the lung, elicits rapid recruitment of innate immune cells. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Chun and Prince (2009) report that epithelial cells facilitate this process by reorganizing their intercellular junctions to enhance immune cell trans...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Nalle SC,Turner JR

更新日期：2009-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Cure of rodent malaria with the biocide triclosan highlighted the enzyme FabI as an antimalarial drug target. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Yu et al. (2008) show that FabI is not the principle target of triclosan yet plays an important role specifically in malaria liver stage development. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Spalding MD,Prigge ST

更新日期：2008-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Alphaviruses infect cells via a low-pH-triggered membrane fusion reaction mediated by the class II virus fusion protein E1, an elongated molecule with three extramembrane domains (DI-III). E1 drives fusion by inserting its fusion peptide loop into the target membrane and refolding to a hairpin-like trimer in which DII...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Sánchez-San Martín C,Sosa H,Kielian M

更新日期：2008-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy provides a mechanism for cells to conserve nutrients, but was recently associated with immunity to intracellular pathogens. Here, Zhao et al. (2008) present direct in vivo evidence that autophagy is linked to macrophage control of Toxoplasma gondii and Listeria monocytogenes and highlights that this process ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Whitmarsh RJ,Hunter CA

更新日期：2008-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-helminth immunity involves CD4+ T cells, yet the precise effector mechanisms responsible for parasite killing or expulsion remain elusive. We now report an essential role for antibodies in mediating immunity against the enteric helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp), a natural murine parasite that establishes ch...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： McCoy KD,Stoel M,Stettler R,Merky P,Fink K,Senn BM,Schaer C,Massacand J,Odermatt B,Oettgen HC,Zinkernagel RM,Bos NA,Hengartner H,Macpherson AJ,Harris NL

更新日期：2008-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Live attenuated vaccines remain the safest, most cost-effective intervention against viral infections. Because live vaccine strains are generated empirically and the basis for attenuation is usually ill defined, many important viruses lack an efficient live vaccine. Here, we present a general strategy for the rational...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Barnes D,Kunitomi M,Vignuzzi M,Saksela K,Andino R

更新日期：2008-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The link between bacteria and host chromatin remodeling is an emerging topic. The exciting recent discoveries on bacterial impact on host epigenetics, as discussed in this Review, highlight yet another strategy used by bacterial pathogens to interfere with key cellular processes. The study of how pathogens provoke hos...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Hamon MA,Cossart P

更新日期：2008-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) expressed on red blood cells (RBCs) influences plasma levels of HIV-1-suppressive and proinflammatory chemokines such as CCL5/RANTES. DARC is also the RBC receptor for Plasmodium vivax. Africans with DARC -46C/C genotype, which confers a DARC-negative phenotype, are resista...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： He W,Neil S,Kulkarni H,Wright E,Agan BK,Marconi VC,Dolan MJ,Weiss RA,Ahuja SK

更新日期：2008-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:According to a classical view of bacterial-host interactions at intestinal surfaces, the commensal microbiota establishes tolerance, and invasive pathogens cause stereotypic inflammation. The reality is more complex, marked by a "ménage à trois" situation encompassing three emerging concepts: (1) pathogens take advant...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Pédron T,Sansonetti P

更新日期：2008-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinically silent Plasmodium liver stage is an obligatory step in the establishment of malaria infection and disease. We report here that expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded by Hmox1) is upregulated in the liver following infection by Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. HO-1 overexpress...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Epiphanio S,Mikolajczak SA,Gonçalves LA,Pamplona A,Portugal S,Albuquerque S,Goldberg M,Rebelo S,Anderson DG,Akinc A,Vornlocher HP,Kappe SH,Soares MP,Mota MM

更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:An important report by Bryk et al. in this issue of Cell Host & Microbe describes the properties of a rhodanine prodrug active against nonmultiplying Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Considering the tolerance of nonreplicating Mtb to most currently available agents, such a drug could be a major addition to our antitu...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Mitchison DA

更新日期：2008-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria starts with the infection of the liver by Plasmodium parasites. Although extensive analysis of Plasmodium has revealed the expression patterns of this parasite in every stage of its life cycle, the liver stage remained unexplored. Recently, Tarun et al. have published the first complete transcriptome and prote...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Mota MM,Rodriguez A

更新日期：2008-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Defensins are naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides that disrupt bacterial membranes and prevent bacterial invasion of the host. Emerging studies indicate that certain defensins also block virus infection; however, the mechanism(s) involved are poorly understood. We demonstrate that human alpha-defensins inhibit ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Smith JG,Nemerow GR

更新日期：2008-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) destroys intestinal microvilli and suppresses phagocytosis by injecting effectors into infected cells through a type III secretion system (TTSS). EspB, a component of the TTSS, is also injected into the cytoplasm of host cells. However, the physiological functions of EspB withi...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Iizumi Y,Sagara H,Kabe Y,Azuma M,Kume K,Ogawa M,Nagai T,Gillespie PG,Sasakawa C,Handa H

更新日期：2007-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are used by bacteria to deliver proteins into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Most studies of T3SS have focused on the role of these secretion systems in specific host interactions. However, there is increasing evidence to suggest that T3SS are also used in interactions with multip...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Preston GM

更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Poxviruses are large DNA viruses that include the causal agent of human smallpox and vaccinia virus. Poxviruses replicate in cytoplasmic foci known as DNA factories. Here we show that a virus-encoded transcription factor, viral mRNA, cellular RNA-binding protein heterodimer G3BP/Caprin-1 (p137), translation initiation...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Katsafanas GC,Moss B

更新日期：2007-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryopyrin (CIAS1, NLRP3) and ASC are components of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex required for caspase-1 activation and cytokine IL-1beta production. CIAS1 mutations underlie autoinflammation characterized by excessive IL-1beta secretion. Disease-associated cryopyrin also causes a program of necrosis-like ce...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Willingham SB,Bergstralh DT,O'Connor W,Morrison AC,Taxman DJ,Duncan JA,Barnoy S,Venkatesan MM,Flavell RA,Deshmukh M,Hoffman HM,Ting JP

更新日期：2007-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex microbial community residing within the intestine plays important roles in host defense. However, the impact of enteric infection and inflammation on this resident community has not been fully explored. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Lupp and coworkers reveal that the composition of the intestinal m...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Rawls JF

更新日期：2007-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Many enveloped viruses hijack the cellular ESCRT machinery to catalyze their escape from host cells. One paper in a recent issue of Cell by Kostelansky et al. and another in this issue of Cell Host & Microbe by Morita et al. shed new light on the structure and function of ESCRT-I. Both papers focus on a fourth ESCRT-I...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Weissenhorn W,Göttlinger H

更新日期：2007-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Microtubules play an important role in the transport of viral pathogens during the establishment of their infection cycles. The microtubule cytoskeleton also facilitates efficient release of newly assembled progeny at later stages of infection. However, the precise effects of viral infection on microtubule dynamics ar...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Arakawa Y,Cordeiro JV,Way M

更新日期：2007-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 Nef, which is required for the efficient onset of AIDS, enhances viral replication and infectivity by exerting multiple effects on infected cells. Nef downregulates cell-surface MHC-I molecules by an uncharacterized PI3K pathway requiring the actions of two Nef motifs-EEEE(65) and PXXP(75). We report that the Ne...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Hung CH,Thomas L,Ruby CE,Atkins KM,Morris NP,Knight ZA,Scholz I,Barklis E,Weinberg AD,Shokat KM,Thomas G

更新日期：2007-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The Nef protein of HIV-1 mediates immune evasion by relocating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and the immune costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 away from the monocytic cell surface. We describe a two-pronged mechanism by which Nef removes CD80 and CD86 from the cell surface. While MHCI, CD80, and ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Chaudhry A,Das SR,Jameel S,George A,Bal V,Mayor S,Rath S

更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00